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PICO is framework for asking well-worded questions and searching for evidence. The clinical question is worded to identify 4-5 components:
P: Patient or Population – What are the most important characteristics of the patients or people?
I: Intervention or Influence– What main intervention are you considering or what is a potentially beneficial or harmful influence?
C: Comparison – With what is the intervention or influence being compared?
O: Outcome – What is the estimated likelihood of a clinical outcome attributable to a specific disease, condition or injury?
(T): Time – What is the timeframe within which the outcome of an intervention is expected to be measured or observed?
Type of Question | PICO(T) Template |
---|---|
Therapy |
In _________ (Population), what is the effect of _________ (Intervention), in comparison to _________ (Comparative/alternate intervention) on _________ (Outcome) within _________ (Time)? |
Diagnosis |
For _________ (Population), does _________ (Identifying tool/procedure) yield more accurate or more appropriate diagnostic/assessment information than _________ (Comparative tool/procedure) about _________ (Outcome) over _________ (Time)? |
Prognosis |
In _________ (Population), does _________ (Influence/exposure to disease/condition), relative to _________ (Comparative disease/condition OR absence of the disease/condition) increase risk of _________ (Outcome) during _________ (Time)? |
Etiology (causation) |
Are _________ (Patients) who have _________ (Influence/exposure/characteristic) compared with those without _________ (Comparative influence/exposure OR lack of influence/exposure) at risk for _________ (Outcome) over _________ (Time)? |