What Should Authors Do?
- Early on, think about how you plan to use and disseminate your work
- Get permission to reuse content that was created by others
- Properly credit all authors whose work you reuse
- Consider registering your works with the US Copyright Office
- If you publish with a publisher, use a publisher willing to negotiate to allow authors to retain certain rights
- Carefully review all publishers' copyright agreement forms
- Attach an addendum if necessary, in order to retain rights
- Keep a record of all signed documents
- Comply with any publisher restrictions on use
For Starters...
What kinds of things are copyrighted? Copyright protects any “original works of authorship” that are somehow "fixed" in time and space - e.g., written down, posted on the web, scribbled on a cocktail napkin. All of these are copyrighted:
- Letters, emails, text messages
- Prepared speeches
- Digital or print photographs
- Web sites
- Music, audio recordings, films
- Plays, dances, artwork
- Books
- Software
Who owns copyright?
- The person(s) authoring the work generally owns the copyright.
- Works created by an employee, in the course of his/her employment, are generally owned by the employer. This is a "work for hire."
What cannot be copyrighted?
- Things that are not “fixed”: Impromptu speeches; singing in the shower.
- Factual information: Weights & measures, lists, addresses, dates…
- Inventions, slogans: This is what patents & trademarks are for.
How long does copyright last? A long time – generally speaking, copyright lasts 70 years after the life of the author. If a work is created by a corporation or employer, copyright lasts 95 years past the publication date. See this site for more information.
What kinds of things are no longer covered by copyright? Works published a long time ago – before 1923 – are no longer covered by copyright. These are thus said to be in the “public domain.” There are other ways to release a copyright, intentionally to share works with others, such as Creative Commons.
Copyright vs. Plagiarism: Copyright is different from plagiarism – “plagiarism” is an appropriation of someone else’s work without giving proper credit. You can plagiarize without infringing a copyright.
Overview Information
- Author's Rights, Tout de SuiteDesigned to give journal article authors a quick introduction to key aspects of author's rights and to foster further exploration of this topic through liberal use of relevant references to online documents and links to pertinent Web sites.
- Know Your Copy RightsA project of the Association of Research Libraries providing useful information on using copyrighted material in an academic setting.
- Open Students blogStudents for open access to research
- Students for Free CultureStudents for Free Culture (SFC) is a diverse, non-partisan group of students and young people who are working to get their peers involved in the free culture movement. SFC has collaborated with Creative Commons, the Electronic Frontier Foundation, Public Knowledge, Downhill Battle, and other free software and media reform groups.
- 10 Big Myths about copyright explained
- Crash Course in Copyright
- Code of Best Practices for Fair Use in Academic LibrariesARL's brand-new bold code for using library collections in teaching and learning.
- Xavier's copyright web site
Xavier University Policies & FAQs
Xavier University Policies & FAQs

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